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Home / Undergraduate Research Highlights / Biology
 
Biology Highlights
Total Listing: 218    (Listed by the order of record adding time, Descending)
( 1 )   Recorded at: 2/14/2008      
Title Beta-carotene protects sudan (IV) from photocatalytic oxidation in a micellar model system: Insight into the antioxidant properties of the golden Staphylococcus aureus
Journal World J Microb Biot, 2007;23:1305-1310, Coates CM, Caldwell W, Alberte RS, Barreto PD, Barreto JC
Description We investigated the mechanism for anti-oxidant resistance of the “golden staph aureus” (an important human pathogen) with a micellar model system. We co-located beta-carotene in the hydrophobic core of a CTAB micelle, which also contained an oxidizable sudan red target dye. The carotenoid was able to rescue the sudan red target from the reductive and oxidative species (ROS) generated by a titanium oxide photocatalyst and by a Fenton reaction; prolonged oxidation was needed to eventually destroy the sudan red target
Faculty Jose Barreto is a professor of chemistry, Cristina Coates is a post-doctoral fellow and Patricia Barreto is a research associate. Alberte was a professor of biotechnology and has moved on to employment in the private sector
Student During 2004- 2006 William Caldwell participated in this research as a senior biology student. Bill completed the work as part of his senior research project and won the overall student prize at the student research competition in 2005 (from over 250+ posters submitted). He has been accepted into a graduate nurse anesthetist program at FGCU
Fund The work was funded by DOD grant #N00173-06-1-G901.
 
( 2 )   Recorded at: 2/14/2008      
Title Spatial patterns of Juniperus virginiana and Lonicera maackii on a road cut in Kentucky, USA
Journal J Torrey Bot Soc, 2007;134:188-198, Castellano SM, Boyce RL
Description We investigated the spatial patterns of several woody species that colonize disturbed sites, including the native Juniperus virginiana and the exotic Lonicera maackii. Spatial patterns were quantified and compared with Ripley's K and the pair correlation function, which analyze the distribution of interplant distance at varying scales. J. virginiana was distributed randomly, while L. maackii was clustered while both J. virginiana and L. maackii were distributed independently of each other. Smaller L. maackii individuals clustered with larger ones, but this pattern was not seen in J. virginiana. L. maackii was found in areas of lower light than J. virginiana but there was only a weak indication of differences in soil depth means between these two species. The different physiological requirements and growth forms of the two species appear to explain the lack of interaction between them
Faculty Richard Boyce is an associate professor of biological
Student Steven Castellano initiated this research after his junior year and continued into his senior year. He is now a graduate student in the Botany Department at Miami University
Fund The research was supported by Northern Kentucky University and a CUR travel grant.
 
( 3 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Members of the Toll-like receptor family of innate immunity pattern-recognition receptors are abundant in the rat male reproductive tract
Journal Biol Reprod, 76:958-964, 2007, Palladino MA, Johnson TA, Gupta R, Chapman JL, Ojha P
Description Protection of spermatozoa from microbial and viral pathogens during gamete formation, transport, and storage in the male reproductive tract is an important aspect of reproductive physiology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of pathogen-recognition receptors that are essential for innate immunity. This work describes the identification and distribution of TLRs in the rat male reproductive tract and provides important insight into antimicrobial mechanisms for protecting spermatozoa and reproductive organs from pathogens
Faculty Michael A. Palladino is associate professor of biology
Student Theresa Johnson, Rajesh Gupta, Jessica Chapman and Prithi Ojha were undergraduate students involved in this research through the summer research course Research in Molecular Cell Physiology and Independent Study. Theresa and Rajesh are employed in industry. Jessica is a graduate student and Prithi is a medical student
 
( 4 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Activation and endocytic internalization of melanocortin 3 receptor in neuronal cells
Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2007;1096:271-286, Wachira SJ, Guruswamy B, Uradu L, Hughes-Darden CA, Denaro FJ
Description Endocytosis is critically important to the regulation of cell surface density of receptors and ion channels. The regulation and trafficking of melanocortin 3 receptor in neuronal cells was investigated. Activated receptor is trafficked to the pericentriolar region and its translocation is accompanied by lysosomal degradation. This suggests that melanocortin receptors undergo activation dependent desensitization during their function
Faculty James Wachira, Cleo Hughes-Darden and Frank Denaro are associate professors of biology
Student Bindhu Guruswamy is enrolled in the Department of Biology for studies leading to a Masters of Science degree. Lawrence Uradu was an NIH/NIGMS/MARC-USTAR undergraduate research student in Wachira’s laboratory during his junior and senior years. He was recently admitted to medical school for studies leading to an MD degree
Fund The research was supported by grants from the NIH/NIGMS/MBRS-SCORE and NIH/NCRR/RCMI programs
 
( 5 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Development of an acyclovir implant for the long-term control of herpes simplex virus infection
Journal Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2007;30:428-435, Johnson TP, Frey R, Modugno M, Brennan TP, Margulies BJ
Description Human herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is treatable with oral doses of an antiviral agent such as aciclovir (ACV), a drug that has poor bioavailability. An alternative for delivering ACV would employ a long-lived subcutaneous implant that would allow for near zero-order drug delivery kinetics. This study aimed to develop an implant composed of a matrix of silicone and ACV that is capable of sustained long-term release of ACV. Release of ACV from the implants was not affected by temperature or pH, but was dependent upon surface area. More importantly, implants protected against in vitro infection, and HSV-1-infected SKH-1 mice from viral reactivation (n = 37; P = 0.0367) via ultraviolet light
Faculty Barry Margulies is an associate professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and the Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Bioinformatics Program and the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Student Robin Frey and Melissa Modugno were undergraduates in the Department of Biological Sciences. Both are now students at Virginia Tech, working on their DVMs
Fund this work was supported in part by undergraduate research grants to them by Towson University between 2005 and 2006, when both were doing research for credit for their bachelor's degrees
 
( 6 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Prevalence of melanocortin system transcripts in rat salt homeostasis endocrine tissues
Journal Cell Mol Biol, 2007;53:8-14, Wachira SJ, Temoney S, Ramlochansingh C, Hughes-Darden CA
Description The expression of genes with a possible role in the excretion or retention of sodium was examined in pituitary and adrenal glands by real time PCR. Consistent with known endocrine gland hierarchy, the proopiomelanocortin transcript was more abundant in pituitary tissues whereas expression of its receptor, melanocortin 2 receptor, was more abundant in adrenal tissues. Prohormone convertases and melanocortin 3 receptor transcripts were expressed at similar levels in both tissues. These studies suggest that melanocortins can be produced and act in an autocrine manner in these glands
Faculty James Wachira and Cleo Hughes-Darden are associate professors of biology and Shonanate Temoney was a research associate at the RCMI molecular and cell biology core laboratory
Student Carlana Ramlochansingh was an undergraduate research student in Wachira’s laboratory during her junior year and the following summer. She is currently a third year PhD student in the Department of Pharmacology at Howard University College of Medicine
 
( 7 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title The impacts of forest management on the invertebrate communities associated with leaf packs of forested streams in New York State
Journal Freshwater Ecol, 2007;25:325-331, Myers L, Mihuc TB, Woodcock T
Description A comparison of stream leaf litter in logged and unlogged Adirondack Upland watersheds illustrates the importance of land use activities on forest litter composition and subsequent impacts on stream ecosystems. Litter composition and invertebrate communities varied between logged and unlogged systems with more palatable high quality leaf litter in logged systems. Results suggest that land use alteration may impact energy processing in stream systems in forested catchments
Faculty
Student Luke Myers completed his undergraduate degree in Biology at Paul Smith's College in 2005. Luke is currently a graduate student at Colorado State University working on a survey of aquatic invertebrate biodiversity of Adirondack Streams. Tim Mihuc is coordinator of the Lake Champlain Research Institute at SUNY Plattsburgh and Tom Woodcock is a post-doctoral researcher at SUNY Plattsburgh
Fund The research was supported through an NSF C-RUI grant to SUNY Plattsburgh, Paul Smith's College, and SUNY Cortland
 
( 8 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title The role of light and oxygen in Chaoborus punctipennis (Insecta: Diptera) diel vertical migration
Journal J Freshwater Ecol, 2007;22:101-106, Stratton MA, Kesler DH
Description This research investigated the diel vertical migration of aquatic phantom midge larvae (Chaoborus punctipennis) in response to light intensity and dissolved oxygen concentration. Final larval instar average depth was significantly correlated with the critical oxygen threshold for fish (DO2=3.5 mg/L; R2=0.783, df=11, P<0.01) but not with maximum light penetration (R2=0.183, df=11, P>0.05), indicating that oxygen was the overriding stimulus governing C. punctipennis diel vertical migration seasonal changes and average daytime depth. This is the only field-based research looking simultaneously at the controlling influences of light and oxygen on Chaoborus diel vertical migration
Faculty David Kesler is a professor of biology
Student Mark Stratton conducted this independent research project in the summer after his junior year and continued it as a senior. He is currently employed as a marine fisheries technician for the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources and will be attending graduate in marine biology next fall
Fund This project was supported by Rhodes College Biology Department funds
 
( 9 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Restoration of Hawaiian montane wet forest: endemic longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae: Plagithmysus) in koa (Fabaceae: Acacia koa) plantations and in intact forest
Journal Southwest Nat, 2007;53:356-363, Goldsmith S, Gillespie H, Weatherby C
Description Reforestation of degraded lands in the tropics is one of the most important goals of ecological restoration. We used longhorned beetles (Plagithmysus claviger and P. varians) as indicator species to assess restoration of montane forest at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaii, where plantations of Koa (Acacia koa) were established over the past 20 years. Density of beetles was greater in canopy trees than in planted trees and was greater in older plantations than in younger plantations. Mean basal diameter of branches in canopy trees was greater than in planted trees and was greater in older plantations than in younger plantations. Branch diameter had a positive effect on number of beetles per branch. Koa plantations promote recovery of plant and animal biological diversity in degraded habitats formerly occupied by montane forest
Faculty Steven Goldsmith is a professor of biology
Student Hayley Gillespie participated in this research during the summers of 2002 and 2003; Cole Weatherby joined the team in 2003. Gillespie is currently in the PhD program in Integrative Biology at the University of Texas, Austin. Weatherby is in the DO program at the University of North Texas Health Science Center
Fund The research was funded by Austin College and the Robert and Ruby Priddy Charitable Trust
 
( 10 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Genetic modifiers of Drosophila palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1-induced degeneration
Journal Genetics, 2007;176:209-220, Buff H, Smith AC, Korey CA
Description This genetic screen performed in Drosophila demonstrated a connection between palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (Ppt1) function and endocytic processes in the cell. Specifically, modifier genes identified in this screen tied Ppt1 to synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Ppt1 is the gene that is mutated in the neurodegenerative disease, infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This screen, along with work in other model organisms, suggests that patients may have synaptic defects that contribute to the loss of neuronal cells in the brain
Faculty Christopher Korey is an assistant professor of biology
Student Haley Buff and Alexis Smith presented this work at the Society of Neuroscience meetings in 2005 and 2006. This work was completed during their junior and senior year and was submitted as Haley's Senior Honors thesis. Haley is currently a first year dental student at the Medical University of South Carolina. Alexis is currently a first year medical student at Midwestern University School of Osteopathic Medicine
Fund The work was supported by funds from a Biology Department Research Grant (CAK), a College of Charleston Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (CAK and ACS), a Support of Mentors and their Students in the Neurosciences grant from the NSF (DUE-0426266) (CAK and HB), and National Institutes of Health Grants R15-HD052362 and P20-RR16461
 
( 11 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Allometric analysis reveals relatively little variation in nitrogen versus biomass accrual in four plant species exposed to varying light, nutrients, water and CO2
Journal Plant Cell Environ, 2007;30:1216-1222, Bernacchi CJ, Thompson JT, Coleman JS, McConnaughay KDM
Description Altered rates of plant growth and development under varying resource availabilities were examined to determine their effects on changes in whole-plant N use efficiency (NUE). Study results show highly variable N accrual rates when expressed as a function of plant age or size, but similar patterns of whole-plant N vs. non-N biomass accrual over a wide range of environmental conditions. Physiological adjustments in NUE, expressed as N vs. biomass accrual, were limited to environments with severely limited or overabundant resources
Faculty Kelly McConnaughay is a professor of biology
Student Carl Bernacchi was involved in this project during his graduate studies at Bradley University, and is currently at the Illinois State Water Survey. Jim Coleman was involved in the research as a collaborator at Syracuse University, and is currently associate provost for research at Rice University. Jennifer Thompson participated in this research the summer after her junior year and then continued it as a senior thesis project. She is currently in her second year in the medical program at Washington University
Fund The research was supported through a NSF-RUI grant.
 
( 12 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title Methylation of histone H3 lysine-79 by Dot1p plays multiple roles in the response to UV damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Journal DNA Repair, 2007;6:383-395, Bostelman LJ, Keller AM, Albrecht AM, Arat A, Thompson JS
Description Methylation of lysine-79 in histone H3 was examined for its potential importance in the repair of DNA damage caused by UV radiation. It was observed that this post-translational modification plays multiple roles in DNA repair, potentially serving as regulator to coordinate various repair pathways
Faculty Jeffrey Thompson is an assistant professor of biology
Student Lindsey Bostelman, Andrew Keller, and Ashley Albrecht participated in this research during the summer after their respective junior years and as part of their senior honors projects. Bostelman and Keller are currently in medical school at The Ohio State University and The University of Cincinnati, respectively. Albrecht is currently in a post-baccalaureate program at The National Institutes of Health. Arzu Arat participated in this project during the summer after her freshman year. She is continuing her undergraduate studies in Turkey
Fund Funding was provided by the Anderson Endowment, the Fairchild Foundation, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the Office of the Provost at Denison University
 
( 13 )   Recorded at: 2/13/2008      
Title One gland, two lobes: organogenesis of the "Harderian” and "nictitans” glands of the Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and fallow deer (Dama dama)
Journal Ann Anat, 2007;189:434-446, Rehorek SJ, Hillenius WJ, Sanjur J, Chapman NG
Description The precise nomenclature of the anterior orbital glands (which includes the Harderian and nictitans glands) has been problematic since its first official description in 1694 by Johann Jakob Harder. Since the two glands reside next to each other in the adult, the issue of homology (character similarity denoting common ancestry) is difficult to untwine. This is the first of several studies (some of which include undergraduate researchers) examining the embryogenesis of these glands in an effort to unravel the true identity of these anterior occular glands
Faculty Susan Rehorek is a professor of biology at Slippery Rock University. W. Jaap Hillenius is a professor of biology at the College of Charleston
Student Norma Chapman is an independent researcher in deer in the UK (not affiliated with any university). Janet Sanjur was a cytotechnology student at Slippery Rock University. She spent a semester working in the histology lab at SRU, thereby learning more about the field of histotechnology (many cytotechs also work as histotechs). She is currently a cytotech and is employed at a hospital
Fund This work was funded internally by the department of Biology at Slippery Rock University.
 
( 14 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007      
Title Human lead exposure in a late 19th century mental asylum population.
Journal Sci Total Environ, 2007;372:463-473, Bower NW, McCants SA, Custodio JM, Ketterer ME, Getty SR, Hoffman JM
Description Lead levels and isotope ratios were analyzed in skeletons from an asylum cemetery in Colorado dating to 1879-1898. Healing fractures, cortical bone, and tooth dentine provided sources of lead exposure during life that gave life histories and migration patterns. Results indicated lead exposure impacted the mental health of a large number (5-10%) of the patients, and that differences exist in ancestral groups’ exposure histories
Faculty
Student Nate Bower (Colorado College), Mike Ketterer (Northern Arizona University), and Mike Hoffman (Colorado College) collaborated with Steve Getty (Biological Sciences Curriculum Studies, Colorado Springs), Joseph Custodio (graduate school, UCSF) and Sarah McCants (Teach for America). Joseph and Sarah did a summer of research in their junior years (1997 and 2004)
Fund Funded by faculty grants from Colorado College and the Barnes Trust, respectively
 
( 15 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007      
Title Nutritional endoderm in a direct developing frog: a potential parallel to the evolution of the amniote egg
Journal Dev Dynam, 2007;236:1259-1272, Buchholz DR, Karadge U, Singamsetty S, Williamson S, Langer CE, Elinson RP
Description We define a new tissue type, the nutritional endoderm, which provides a possible evolutionary intermediate between frog and bird patterns of development. Nutritional endoderm is divided into cells as in frogs, but it is used up and disappears like bird yolk
Faculty Richard Elinson is a professor in biological sciences
Student Sean Williamson cloned a gene, important for the analysis, in the course of summer research after his sophomore and junior years and as a technician between his December graduation and his August entry to Temple Medical School
Fund The research was supported by the Duquesne Undergraduate Research Program (URP), an NSF grant, and an NSF-REU supplement
 
( 16 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007      
Title Toward the automated generation of genome-scale metabolic networks in the SEED.
Journal BMC Bioinformatics, 2007;8(139)., DeJongh M, Formsma K, Boillot P, Gould J, Rycenga M, Best A
Description A method for generating metabolic networks for sequenced microbial genomes is described. This method is based on the subsystems technology for sequence annotation implemented in the SEED. A database of reusable components of metabolic networks is described, along with tools for assembling complete and coherent reaction networks from these components. The method is tested by successfully regenerating a published metabolic network for Staphylococcus aureus N315, and preliminary results for E. coli K12 are described. Matt DeJongh is a professor of computer science
Faculty Aaron Best is a professor of biology
Student Kevin Formsma and Paul Boillot participated in this research during the summer of 2006. They are both currently seniors. John Gould and Matt Rycenga participated in this research as part of an advanced course in bioinformatics in 2006. John is employed in industry and Matt is a graduate student in chemistry at the University of Washington
Fund This research was supported through a NSF REU grant, and a grant to Hope College from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Undergraduate Science Education Program
 
( 17 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007      
Title Natural History of box turtles, Terrapene carolina, in an urbanized landscape
Journal Southeast Nat., 2006;5:191-204, Budischak SA, Hester JM, Price SJ, Dorcas ME
Description To assess the effects of urbanization and to help develop proper conservation strategies for Terrapene c. carolina (Eastern Box Turtles), we conducted a mark-recapture study in the vicinity of Davidson, NC, from 1999 to 2004. We made 354 turtle captures, 42 of which were recapture events. We found that box turtles may persist in urbanized landscapes and may grow more quickly there, but they suffer higher mortality in these habitats compared to forested landscapes
Faculty Michael Dorcas is an associate professor of biology. Steven Price is research coordinator for the Herpetology lab
Student Sarah Budischak and Joy Hester conducted this research as independent study students during their senior years. Sarah is currently is enrolled in graduate school at Virginia Tech University. Joy Hester is enrolled in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University
Fund This research was supported by the Department of Biology at Davidson College, Duke Power and National Science Foundation Grants
 
( 18 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007      
Title A comparison of the effectiveness of recommended doses of MS-222 (Tricaine Methane Sulfonate) and Orajel ® (Benzocaine) for amphibian anesthesia
Journal Herpetol Rev, 2007; 38:63-66, Cecala KK, Price SJ, Dorcas ME
Description Tricaine methanesulfonate (Ethyl 3-aminobenzoic methanesulfonate salt), commonly known as MS-222, and Orajel®, a widely used analgesic for oral pain in humans, were examined for their effectiveness for amphibian anesthesia. We test four amphibian species and found that for most of the species, anesthetization using Orajel® required less time for induction and produced a longer anesthetization period with variable recovery periods than recommended doses of MS-222. Orajel® appears to be a relatively safe, quick, and convenient anesthesia for amphibians
Faculty Michael Dorcas is an associate professor of biology.
Student Steven Price is the research coordinator for the Herpetology Lab. Kristen Cecala participated in this research during her junior year as an independent study project and she is currently pursuing a doctoral degree at the University of Georgia
Fund This research was supported by the Department of Biology at Davidson College, Duke Power and National Science Foundation Grants
 
( 19 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007      
Title The pesticide malathion disrupts Xenopus and zebrafish embryogenesis: An investigative laboratory exercise in developmental toxicology
Journal Bioscene, 2006;32:4-18, Chemotti DC, Davis SN, Cook LW, Willoughby IR, Paradise CJ, Lom B
Description The pesticide malathion has dramatic teratogenic effects on the development of non-target aquatic vertebrates. This research examined specific time windows of sensitivity in Xenopus embryos and describes how this pesticide can be used effectively as an investigative developmental toxicology undergraduate laboratory exercise
Faculty Barbara Lom and Chris Paradise are associate professors of biology.
Student Diana Chemotti, Sarah Davis, and Leslie Cook, contributed to this research via independent research, summer research, and/or senior honors theses while junior and/or seniors. Ian Willoughby, also a Davidson graduate, contributed as a research technician. Currently, Ms. Chemotti is a nurse; Ms. Davis is an MD/PhD student, Ms. Cook is a camp director and graduate student, and Mr. Willoughby is in pharmaceuticals.
Fund The research was supported by Davidson College, a National Science Foundation Course, Curriculum, & Laboratory Improvement Award (BL), an Associated Colleges of the South Environmental Student Engagement Award (DCC), a Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid (LWC), and a Merck Foundation internship (SND).
 
( 20 )   Recorded at: 11/19/2007