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The following formats for citing sources
within the text and in the reference section are a combination of
formats adopted by the APA and the AMA. For citing references within an article, the APA format has been
chosen; for citation standards not addressed below, consult the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th ed.
For citing references at the end of an article, the AMA style has
been chosen; for standards not addressed below, authors should consult
the American Medical Association
Manual of Style, 9th ed, 1998 or visit http://healthlinks.washington.edu/hsl/styleguides/ama.html.
Citing
sources within text
References should be cited where appropriate.
The general format for references in print or electronically is
to list last names of authors and the year of publication in
parentheses.
(Some examples are based on references cited
in CUR Quarterly articles.)
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One author
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(Last name of author, year of publication)
(Hoagland, 2003)
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More than one author
(list
all authors the first time a reference is cited; after that, list
only the first one, followed by “et al”, unless there are more
than 5 authors, in which case you should use “et al.” the
first time)
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(Last names of authors, year of publication)
1st cite: (Rosenbaum, Meulenbroek,
Vaughan, Jansen, 2001)
2nd cite: (Rosenbaum, et al, 2001)
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Citing
sources in the reference section
All references should be listed in
alphabetical order.
Books
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One author
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Author last name Author’s initials. Title of Book. Place
of publication: Publisher; year.
Kuhn T. The
Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: University
of Chicago Press; 1962.
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More
than one author
(list
all authors if six or less, otherwise list first three followed by
“et al”)
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Author(s) separated by commas. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher; year.
Hansen SJ, Ofosu M. Establishing
and Managing an Office of Sponsored Programs at Non-Research
Intensive Colleges and Universities. Washington DC: National
Council of University Research Administrators; 2003.
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Edited book
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Author(s), ed(s). Title
of Book. Place of publication: Publisher; year.
Lerner RM, ed. Theoretical
Models of Human Development. Vol 4 Handbook of Child Psychology.
New York: Wiley; 1998.
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Chapter or article from book
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Author(s) of article. Title of article. In:
Editor(s) names, ed(s). Title
of Book. Place of publication: Publisher; year:Chapter or page
number.
Angelo TA. Classroom assessment: Assessing to
improve higher learning in the life sciences. In: Modell HI &
Michael JA, eds. Promoting Active Learning in the Life Sciences Classroom. New
York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences; 1993.
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Articles
in journals
Note: Standard abbreviations for all journals are
to be used. These can be
found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov.tsd/serials/terms_cond.html.
(Scroll to “List of Journals Indexed for Medline 2005” and
click on pdf format. A list
of journals in alphabetical order begins on p. 115).
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One author
(do not
include issue number or month unless volumes are not consecutively
numbered)
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Author last name Author’s initials. Article
title. Journal Title.
Year; Volume:Inclusive page numbers.
Hoagland EK. CUR dialogues: The art of
grantsmanship. CUR Quarterly.
2003(4):172-175.
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More than one author
(list
all authors if six or less, otherwise list first three followed by
“et al”)
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Author(s) of article. Article title. Journal Title. Year; Volume:Inclusive page numbers.
Fillo JD, Koehler CA, Nguyen TP, De Haan DO,
Gilbert BA, Flinn KP. Simulating secondary organic aerosol
activation by condensation of multiple organics on seed particles.
Env Sci Tech.
2003:4672-4677.
Matchett SA, Schmiege-Boyle BR, Cooper J et
al. Electronic control of the asymmetry in heteroatom
monosubstituted olefin bonding to the cyclopentadienyl iron (II)
dicarbonyl cation. Organomet. 2003:5047-5053.
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Citing Electronic Sources
Note: Standard abbreviations for all journals
are to be used. These can
be found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov.tsd/serials/terms_cond.html.
(Scroll to “List of Journals Indexed for Medline 2005” and
click on pdf format. A list
of journals in alphabetical order begins on p. 115).
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Information from online databases
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Name of database [database online]. Place of
publication:Database Producer; Year of publication. Updated (if
appropriate).
Marquis Who’s Who on the Web [database
online]. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who’s Who; 2005. Updated
January 10, 2005.
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Articles from online journals without volume
and pagination information
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Author last name Author’s initials. Title
of article. Journal Title
[serial online]. Date of article; document number.
Harrison CL, Schmide PQ, Jones JD. Aspirin
compared with acetaminophen for relief of headache. Online
J Curr Clin Trials [serial online]. January 22, 1994; doc 1.
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Articles from online journals with volume and
pagination information
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Author last name Author’s initials. Title
of article. Journal Title
[serial online]. Date of article; volume(number)page(s). Available
from:Online provider, Place of publication. Date accessed.
Simon JA, Hudes ES. Relationship of ascorbic
acid to blood lead levels. JAMA
[serial online]. 1999;281:2289-2293. Available from: American
Medical Association, Chicago, IL. Accessed September 23, 2000.
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Web pages
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Author or responsible body. Title of web
page. Available at:URL. Date accessed.
Sea Education Association. Woods Hole Sea
Semester. Available at: http://www.sea.edu.
January 10, 2005.
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Full text journal database available on the
web
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Author(s). Article title. Journal Title [serial online]. Year:volume;page numbers. Available
from database [database online] at:database URL. Date accessed.
Scholle F. West
Nile Virus; WNV VLPs are valuable tool to investigate tissue
tropism in early infection. Medical
Letter on the CDC & FDA [serial online]. 2005:138.
Available from Proquest [database online] at http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=774644961&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=8511&RQT=309&VName=PQD
.
January 10, 2005.
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Email
(personal
communications should be listed parenthetically in text)
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Name of person who sent message [email
address of sender], date message was sent
Tom Wenzel [twenzel@bates.edu], January 5,
2005
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